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  Chapter 4: Late Antiquity - Early Christianity and Byzantine From the time of 29 C.E. the era of Pre-Constantine took place, where Christians surfaced after the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and were persecuted under Diocletian. He didn't accept their  monotheistic belief system and though they could be pardoned, were usually punished strictly if caught worshiping. After this, Constantine ruled from 312-337 C.E.. After 337, his successors rule and we eventually get to the rule of Byzantine or the Byzantine Empire in 527. Christians’ earliest worship places were taking place in this time period in the house churches. To keep their worship secret, so as to not be persecuted and thrown in jail or worse, they worshiped in private. These houses devoted to Christian worship were usually donated by wealthy Chrstians and converted into synagogues. These became known as tituli and there were estimated 25 of these in Rome while Constantine ruled and where turned into actual churches whe...

            Classical Civilizations began popping up in the world. This Classical or Hellenistic Period took place around 323-30 B.C.. It was surrounded by a very mountainous country and 3 main seas: the Aegean, the Ionian, and the Mediterranean sea. The workings of geography lead to a competition of sorts among communities. The people declared independent governments that would separate them from other civilizations and control the trade. They also developed the size of communities and the advances made in architecture throughout history. The climate of hot summers and bitter winters gave people a reason to work hard on shelters and buildings.  One of these main civilizations is Greece.  The ancient Greek civilization was the beginning of western ideas and cultures. Ancient Greek mythology is a very popular concept, where we learn about historians and gods and goddesses and palaces around Crete. The  line between Greek mythology and act...

  In the ancient middle east, three civilizations really stand out: Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Nubia. The time period of Ancient Egypt stands out when we look at historical architecture and design.The ancient egyptians play with an assortment of colors,c characters and impressive monuments in their artwork. Now, we understand this historical era through a system that divides the period into the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.  The Old Kingdom is suspected to have taken place from abbott 2649-2150 B.C.. The Old Kingdom is known most for the construction of pyramids. Egyptian civilization focused a lot on death and the afterlife. Because of this, they took pride in the architecture created to interact with the ruling elite and gods. These people would practice the custom of entombing the dead and laying a ruler’s body down to eternal rest. The practice of entombing is why we have so many of the oldest surviving pieces of furniture.  The Pyramid of Giz...

               In the earliest examples of human history, art and settlement showed up in what we recognize as the Stone Age. It was obvious that the earliest inhabitants made do with existing natural items that, with relatively little modification, met their needs. Caves, for example, were ready-made stone structures that were considered the most basic shelter, protecting its inhabitants from bad weather, dangerous animals, and more. The term Stone Age doesn't mean that people in that time period actually created everything from stone. More than likely, most homes were very semi-permanent, to create two more main types of structures, such as cliff dwellings, and mud and thatch structures.                In this first chapter, two stone ages are addressed, the Paleolithic and the Neolithic. The Paleolithic caves at Lascaux from 17,000 B.C.E, are one of the first examples of prehistoric permanent ar...