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  Chapter 9: Spain: Hispano-Moorish to Neoclassical This time in history combines Christian Spain with Moorish Art Termed Mudejar and influences of Medieval and the Italian Renaissance. The 16th century was the most brilliant era in Spanish history. The architecture reflected common features from other countries and exterior plans with numerous courtyards, gardens, fountains, and reflecting pools. Spain is known for having more castles than any other European country. The Spanish Renaissance is also attributed with the Plateresco Phase (Silversmith’s style - platero) which used gothic or renaissance in construction style. It crafted minute and delicate ornaments on exteriors, patios, churches, public buildings, and even furniture, resembling the work of a silversmith. The Desornamentado Phase (unornamented) was a powerful style characterized by austerity and carefully defined proportions in this time. It applied to courts, ecclesiastical, and public buildings. The Spanish Renaiss...

  Chapter 8: The Italian Renaissance 1400-1600 The Renaissance, meaning “rebirth”, is a time period in history that took classical forms and refined and adapted them for new use. It combined techniques and styles from the gothic and Romanesque eras in the architecture and interior furnishings and designs. The first development of the Renaissance took place in Italy through life and the arts of ancient rome. There was a shift in society from a religious to a secular emphasis that they expressed through art, literature, and architecture. The designs emphasized symmetry and horizontal details. Ancient roman forms became popular forms like insulas, palazzos, and more. Humanism had a big role during the Renaissance and an influence on Italian Society. Humanism appreciated knowledge in things like science, medicine, and engineering. Although this all seems great, but the early 1400’s was also a time of military turbulence, calling people to stand up and fight for their country. During th...